Overview of Epiretinal Membrane (ERM): ERM is a fibrocellular membrane over the internal limiting membrane (ILM) due to myofibroblast proliferation, also known as macular pucker or cellophane maculopathy. Prevalence: 34.1%…

Overview of Geographic Atrophy (GA): GA is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by progressive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor loss, leading to irreversible vision loss.…

Study Overview: The Optos Peripheral Retina (OPERA) Study Ancillary study of Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). Longitudinal study assessing peripheral retinal changes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over 5…

Definition: PHOMS are oval, hyperreflective structures visualized on OCT B-scans around the optic nerve head, considered a marker of axoplasmic stasis. Prevalence: Found in 7% of eyes across a broad…