Differentiating Purtscher flecken from cotton-wool spots (also called soft exudates) is primarily done on fundus examination (clinical appearance), with OCT providing supportive but often overlapping information in the acute phase.…

🧠 Clinical Background HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) is a severe complication of pregnancy, often associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Ophthalmic manifestations include serous retinal detachments, retinal…

  Patient Presentation: Asymptomatic male in his 40s with no relevant ocular, medical, or family history. Referred for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defect in the right eye. Visual acuity 20/20…