IMPLICATIONS OF THE MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF TYPE 1 MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION ON MACULAR ATROPHY GROWTH ON PATIENTS UNDER ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT

Diogo Cabral ^۱ ۲ ۳, Florence Coscas ^۳ ۴, Telmo Pereira ^۲, Rita Laiginhas ^۵, Catarina Rodrigues ^۱, Catherine Français ^۳, Vanda Nogueira ^۱, Manuel Falcão ^۵, Alexandra Miere ^۴, Marco Lupidi ^۶, Gabriel Coscas ^۳ ۴, Eric Souied ^۴Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۳۵۵۱۲۵
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002842

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the correspondence between macular atrophy (MA) progression and Type 1 macular neovascularization morphology during long-term anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive patients with complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina atrophy overlying or in the proximity of macular neovascularization. The assessment of MA was based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography, en-face near infra-red imaging and fundus autofluorescence. Macular neovascularization blood flow morphology was evaluated by swept-source optical coherence tomography-angiography. Qualitative features were categorized per ETDRS sector as: immature, mature; and hypermature pattern. An automatic analysis was designed in MATLAB coding language to compute MA per ETDRS. Measurements were compared between the baseline and the last follow-up visit.

Results: Twenty eyes from 20 patients were included; the mean age was 85.4 (8.3) years. The median follow-up was 1.85 (1.0-2.4) years and the median anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection rate during follow-up was 4.0 (2.0-5.0) injections/year. During follow-up, sectors with persistence of an immature blood flow pattern had a lower MA growth rate than sectors with mature macular neovascularization flow patterns (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The presence of an immature blood flow pattern on optical coherence tomography-angiography is associated with a lower progression rate of MA.

ASSOCIATION OF SERUM VASOGENIC AND PROINFLAMMATORY FACTORS WITH CLINICAL RESPONSE TO ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

Pedro S Brito ^۱ ۲, Jorge V Costa ^۱, Catarina Barbosa-Matos ^۲ ۳, Sandra M Costa ^۲ ۳, Jorge Correia-Pinto ^۲ ۳, Rufino M Silva ^۴ ۵ ۶Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۴۵۳۰۶۹
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002852

Abstract

Purpose: To study the role of serum biomarkers as prognostic factors for qualitative and quantitative response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Sixty-seven eyes with DME were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab during a 12-month follow-up period. All cases underwent a baseline workup consisting of 12 inflammatory, metabolic and prothrombotic factors. The following outcomes were evaluated at 3-month intervals until 1 year of follow-up: visual acuity, central subfield thickness (CST), macular volume (MV), % of change from baseline in CST, occurrence of a CST change < 10%, a CST change >20%, and a CST <330 µm, achieving an improvement ≥۲ lines of visual acuity, achieving visual acuity ≥۲۰/۴۰.

Results: A significant improvement in CST and visual acuity was seen from third month onwards. Twenty-eight (48.1%) cases were classified as “early responders,” 24 (35.8%) as “late responders”, and 15 (22.4%) as “poor responders.” Serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A levels were significantly lower in “poor responders” (P = 0.006). C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was associated with a limited anatomic response (<10% CST change) (P = 0.002, OR = 1.845, cutoff value of hsCRP = 1.84 mg/L). hsCRP was also negatively associated with obtaining a final CST <330 µm (P = 0.04, r2 = 0.112, OR = 0.643). Baseline visual acuity was significantly associated with 12th month visual acuity (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.602) and also with an improvement ≥۲ visual acuity lines (P = 0.009, OR = 20.54).

Conclusion: Increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was associated with limited anatomic response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and persistent DME. Poor responders had significantly lower values of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-A, suggesting an alternative pathogenic pathway for persisting DME.

VISUAL OUTCOME OF EARLY VITRECTOMY AND INTRAVITREAL ANTIBIOTICS IN ACUTE POSTSURGICAL AND POSTINTRAVITREAL INJECTION ENDOPHTHALMITIS: European Vitreo-Retinal Society Endophthalmitis Study Report Two

Mohamed Kamel Soliman ^۱, Giampaolo Gini ^۲, Ferenc Kuhn ^۳, Barbara Parolini ^۴, Sengul Ozdek ^۵, Ron A Adelman ^۶, Ahmed B Sallam ^۷, European Vitreo-Retinal Society (EVRS) Endophthalmitis Study GroupAffiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۴۶۷۴۸۲
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002856

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcome associated with intravitreal antibiotics (IVA) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for acute postprocedure endophthalmitis.

Methods: Data from 237 eyes presenting with acute postprocedure endophthalmitis were collected from 57 retina specialists in 28 countries. All eyes were treated with IVA on the day of presentation. We classified eyes according to the method of treatment used as IVA and early PPV (IVA + PPV within 1 week of presentation) groups.

Results: After exclusion of ineligible eyes, data from 204 eyes were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of patients was 62.7 (21.8) years and 69.3 (12.7) years in the IVA and PPV groups, respectively (P = 0.18). Endophthalmitis secondary to cataract, intravitreal injections, PPV, and other intraocular procedures represented 64.2%, 16.2%, 13.7%, and 5.9% of cases, respectively. Intravitreal antibiotics alone were administered in 55 eyes (27.0%), and early PPV was performed in 149 eyes (73.0%). No difference was found between groups in the final visual acuity of ≥۲۰/۶۰ (۴۳.۶%, ۶۵ eyes vs. 34.5%, 19 eyes) and ≤counting fingers (30.9%, 46 eyes vs. 36.4%, 20 eyes) for IVA versus early PPV groups, respectively. Vision of light perception (odds ratio = 12.2; 95% confidence interval: 2.0-72.6) and retinal detachment (odds ratio = 7.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.5-409) at baseline were predictive of vision of ≤counting fingers. Retinal detachment at baseline (odds ratio = 20.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-372.1) was predictive of final retinal detachment status.

Conclusion: The current retrospective multicenter cohort of eyes with acute postprocedure endophthalmitis reports similar outcomes after treatment with IVA alone when compared with IVA and early PPV within 1 week of presentation.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLATELET INDICES AND RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zhengyang Liu ^{۱ ۲ ۳ ۴}, Luke A Perry ^۱, Thomas L Edwards ^۲ ۳ ۴Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۳۴۷۵۲۷۰
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000003022

Abstract

Purpose: Platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and plateletcrit are standard indices of platelet activation that have been studied in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its subtypes: branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between these platelet parameters and RVO.

Methods: We searched for studies investigating the association between these platelet indices and RVO in multiple online databases from inception to August 2020. Mean differences and the associated confidence intervals were obtained and calculated for each included study and pooled using random-effects inverse variance modeling. Meta-regression was used to explore interstudy and intrastudy heterogeneity.

Results: Thousand three hundred and twenty-five unique studies were screened, from which 24 studies encompassing 2,718 patients were included. Mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width were significantly elevated in RVO, with pooled mean differences of 0.45 fL (95% CI 0.24-0.66, P < 0.0001) and 1.43% (95% CI 0.57-2.29, P = 0.0011), respectively. Platelet count and plateletcrit were not significantly associated with RVO. Mean platelet volume was also independently elevated in branch retinal vein occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion.

Conclusion: Mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width are significantly elevated in RVO. Further research is required to explore the independence and potential prognostic significance of these associations.

COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTON BEAM VERSUS PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY TO SPARE THE VISION IN CIRCUMSCRIBED CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMA

Thibaud Mathis ^۱ ۲, Célia Maschi ^۳, Carlo Mosci ^۴, Charlotte A Espensen ^۵, Laurence Rosier ^۶, Catherine Favard ^۷, Sarah Tick ^۸, Charles-Henry Remignon ^۱, Paolo Ligorio ^۴, Nicolas Bonin ^۹, Joël Gambrelle ^۱۰, Anh-Minh Nguyen ^۱, Carsten Faber ^۵, Laurent Meyer ^۱۱, Frederic Mouriaux ^۱۲, Joël Herault ^۱۳, Stéphanie Baillif ^۳, Jens-Folke Kiilgaard ^۵, Laurent Kodjikian ^۱ ۲, Jean-Pierre Caujolle ^۳, Julia Salleron ^۱۴, Juliette Thariat ^۱۵Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۴۰۴۸۴۴
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002843

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the functional and anatomical effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus proton beam therapy (PBT) in a real-life setting for the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Methods: A total of 191 patients with a diagnosis of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma and treated by PBT or PDT were included for analyses.

Results: The 119 patients (62.3%) treated by PDT were compared with the 72 patients treated by PBT. The final best-corrected visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.932) and final thickness was lower in the PBT compared with the PDT group (P = 0.001). None of the patients treated by PBT needed second-line therapy. In comparison, 53 patients (44.5%) initially treated by PDT required at least one other therapy and were associated with worse final best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.037). In multivariate analysis, only an initial thickness greater than 3 mm remained significant (P = 0.01) to predict PDT failure with an estimated odds ratio of 2.72, 95% confidence interval (1.25-5.89).

Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy and PBT provide similar anatomical and functional outcomes for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma ≤۳ mm, although multiple sessions are sometimes required for PDT. For tumors >۳ mm, PBT seems preferable because it can treat the tumor in only 1 session with better functional and anatomical outcomes.

PHOTORECEPTOR OUTER SEGMENT IS EXPANDED IN THE FELLOW EYE OF PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY

Enrico Borrelli ^۱, Marco Battista ^۱, Francesco Gelormini ^۱, Maria C Gabela ^۱ ۲, Flavia Pennisi ^۱, Alberto Quarta ^۱, Mario Pezzella ^۱, Riccardo Sacconi ^۱, Lea Querques ^۱, Francesco Bandello ^۱, Giuseppe Querques ^۱Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۴۰۴۸۴۷
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002846

Abstract

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate the photoreceptor structural changes in the fellow unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We analyzed data from patients with diagnosis of unilateral CSC, as based on clinical examination and multimodal imaging, who had structural optical coherence tomography obtained. An additional group of age-matched healthy patients was included for comparison. Main outcome measures were as follows: (1) the foveal photoreceptor outer segment lateral surface and (2) the foveal choroidal thickness.

Results: One hundred and sixty fellow unaffected eyes of 160 unilateral CSC patients and 50 age-matched controls (50 eyes) were included. The mean ± SD age was 51.6 ± ۱۱.۱ years (range 28-80 years) in the unilateral CSC group and 52.8 ± ۱۰.۸ years (range 31-74 years) in the control group (P = 0.511). The foveal photoreceptor outer segment lateral surface was significantly increased in the unaffected eyes with CSC in the fellow eye (0.068 ± ۰.۰۰۷ mm2) as compared with control eyes (0.060 ± ۰.۰۰۵ mm2, P < 0.0001). The mean ± SD foveal choroidal thickness was 368.0 ± ۱۰۵.۷ µm in the unilateral CSC group and 302.9 ± ۹۲.۲ µm in control patients (P < 0.0001). In the Pearson correlation test, the photoreceptor outer segment lateral surface correlated with the choroidal thickness in the CSC group (R = 0.166, P = 0.016) but not in the control group (R = -0.025, P = 0.864).

Conclusion: Our results corroborate the hypothesis that retinal and choroidal changes affect both eyes of patients with acute/history of unilateral disease. These structural changes could be intended as an imaging evidence of reduced photoreceptor outer segment turnover secondary to retinal pigment epithelium and choroid dysfunction.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY BIOMARKERS FOR REDUCTION OF DRUSENOID PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DETACHMENT

Mirinae Kim ^۱ ۲, Yeo Jin Lee ^۱, Wookyung Park ^۱ ۲, Young-Gun Park ^۱ ۲, Young-Hoon Park ^۱ ۲Affiliations expand

• PMID: ۳۲۳۷۹۱۶۶
• DOI: ۱۰.۱۰۹۷/IAE.0000000000002844

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the optical coherence tomography biomarkers that can collectively predict the probability of collapse or reduction of drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (PED).

Methods: This consecutive observational case series reviewed the clinical data of 24 eyes with non-neovascular drusenoid PED. Among the study population, 17 eyes showed collapse or reduction of drusenoid PED. The mean follow-up duration was 44.8 ± ۲۴.۶ months. Optical coherence tomography-derived parameters were analyzed at baseline, at the last available visit before reduction of PED, at the first available visit after reduction of PED, and at the final visit.

Results: The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness showed a significant decrease after PED reduction and at the most recent visit (P = 0.015). Migration of retinal pigment epithelium cells was detected in 15 (88.2%) after PED reduction; however, there was no significance in the frequency of migration of retinal pigment epithelium cells at each time point (P = 0.392). Non-neovascular subretinal fluid was detected in 7 (41.2%) before PED reduction, 2 (11.8%) after PED reduction, and 2 (11.8%) at the final visit. Interestingly, subretinal fluid appeared more frequently just before reduction of PED (P = 0.029).

Conclusion: We found evidence of non-neovascular subretinal fluid and choroidal thinning before reduction in PED. This finding might be useful for detection and prediction of the progression of drusenoid PED.