• OCT can be used to identify biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy (DR).
• This study focused on retinal layer smoothness index (SI) and area (S) as quantifiable biomarkers.
• Significant differences were found in INL and ONL area in the foveal zone across normal, non-proliferative (NPDR), and proliferative (PDR) DR groups.
• IPL and OPL border SI in the nasal and temporal regions also showed significant differences between groups.
• Best accuracy (87.6%) for distinguishing DR patients from normal was achieved using INL area in the foveal zone.
• Most accurate (97.2%) for differentiating PDR from NPDR was achieved using IPL SI in the nasal zone.
• Temporal zone IPL SI also showed good accuracy (89.8%) in identifying NPDR.

Implications:

• This study suggests that automated OCT analysis using SI and S can be a valuable tool for DR detection and classification.
• Identifying biomarkers in the nasal and temporal regions might be particularly useful for differentiating NPDR from PDR.
• Further research is needed to explore the application of these findings in larger and more diverse populations.
• Understanding the evolution of DR and its impact on retinal layer irregularity could lead to improved detection and management strategies.

Disclaimer:

This summary is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.