Journal Club 13-2-2021

Special Thanks to Dr Amini and Dr Bazvand

EFFECT OF PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION ON CORNEAL SENSATION AND TEAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Hossein Jamali ۱, Jamshid Eslami ۲, Farid Kalashipour ۳, Mohammad Hossein Nowroozzadeh ۱Affiliations expand

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the early effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on corneal sensation and dry eye signs in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Fifty patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and very severe nonproliferative or non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy who required PRP for the treatment of their retinal condition were enrolled. All patients were treated using a pattern PRP device. Esthesiometry, tear breakup time test, Schirmer test, and corneal staining pattern were evaluated at baseline and 2 months after the last session of PRP.

Results: Data from 88 eyes of 50 patients (41 right eyes and 47 left eyes) were analyzed. The mean tear breakup time test (right eyes) was decreased from 9.51 at baseline to 7.66 seconds after PRP (P < 0.001). The post-PRP eyes showed more advanced grades of corneal staining than pre-PRP assessment (P < 0.001). The average value of Schirmer test was 14.39 versus 12.29 mm (without anesthesia; P < 0.001) and 8.17 versus 7.15 mm (with anesthesia, P < 0.001) for baseline versus post-PRP measurements, respectively. The corneal sensation also showed decrease after laser therapy (4.93 versus 4.31 cm; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that decreased corneal sensation and signs of dry eye are more common immediately after PRP for diabetic retinopathy. These conditions should be discussed with the patient preoperatively and managed postoperatively.

THE INCIDENCE OF NEOVASCULARIZATION IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY

M Cristina Savastano ۱ ۲, Marco Rispoli ۳, Bruno Lumbroso ۴Affiliations expand

Free PMC article

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of neovascularization (NV) secondary to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)-a condition belonging to the spectrum of pachychoroid disorders by means of optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods: One hundred and seventy five eyes with CSC were evaluated in this retrospective observational study. The eyes with acute or chronic CSC with no NV were included in Group 1, and those with NV were evaluated in Group 2. Only eyes that had undergone structural optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were included. Age, best-corrected visual acuity, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were evaluated in all eyes. In Group 2, the type and morphology of NV and the occurrence of exudation were considered.

Results: Of a total of 175 eyes with CSC, 86 had the acute form and 89 the chronic. Approximately 140 belonged to Group 1 (80%) and 35 to Group 2 (20%). Approximately 39.2% of all patient with chronic CSC developed NV. Mean age in Groups 1 and 2 was 53.3 years (±۱۰.۹) and 66.6 years (±۱۰.۲), respectively. Mean best-corrected visual acuity in Groups 1 and 2 was 45.7 (±۱۱.۷) and 30.9 (±۱۷.۹) early treatment diabetic retinopathy study letters, respectively. Mean CCT in Group 1 and 2 was 417.5 µm (±۱۲۳) and 344.2 µm (±۱۶۵.۹), respectively. In Group 2, all patients had Type 1 NV (100%); 29 eyes (83%) had filamentous feature, and 6 eyes (17%) had irregular shape. Silent nonexudative NV was observed in 7 eyes (20%), all belonging to Group 2.

Conclusion: The use of optical coherence tomography angiography in everyday clinical practice allows for the accurate analysis of the chorioretinal vascular setting, with the identification of new vessels that could remain misdiagnosed.

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND MACULAR VASCULAR REMODELING SECONDARY TO RETROGRADE MACULOPATHY IN RETINAL DETACHMENT TREATED WITH SILICON OIL TAMPONADE

Lea Dormegny ۱, Ludovic C Jeanjean ۲, Xuanli Liu ۱ ۳, Arnaud Messerlin ۱, Tristan Bourcier ۱, Arnaud Sauer ۱, Claude Speeg-Schatz ۱, David Gaucher ۱Affiliations expand

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the frequency of macular cysts (MCs) in retinal detachment treated with silicone oil and evaluate their impact on visual acuity and macular vascularization using optical coherence tomography-angiography.

Methods: Forty-three eyes of 41 patients treated with silicone oil for retinal detachment were retrospectively studied. Best-corrected visual acuity and 6- × ۶-mm optical coherence tomography-angiography examination at least 3 months after silicone oil removal were reviewed. In eyes with MCs, cyst area was measured on the en face optical coherence tomography-angiography image using ImageJ. Density of superficial capillary plexus and area of superficial foveal avascular zone were generated by the optical coherence tomography-angiography. Density of deep capillary plexus and deep foveal avascular zone area were measured using ImageJ.

Results: Twenty-five eyes (58%) presented with MCs. Cysts were exclusively located in the inner nuclear layer in 60% of cases. Mean best-corrected visual acuity in the MC group was lower than that of the non-MC group (P = 0.012). Macular cyst area negatively correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.0201). Density of superficial capillary plexus was higher in the MC group (P < 0.0001), whereas area of superficial foveal avascular zone was lower (P < 0.0001). Macular cyst area negatively correlated with density of deep capillary plexus (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The incidence of INL-MCs after silicone oil removal is high. These are associated with impaired vision and macular vascular remodeling. We highlight their similarity with the “retrograde maculopathy” phenomenon.

EN FACE IMAGING OF OUTER RETINAL PATHOLOGY AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT

Vilde M Thomseth ۱, David H Engelsvold ۱, Anastasia Ushakova ۲, Vegard A Forsaa ۱Affiliations expand

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the potentials of multicolor (MC) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) to detect structural retinal pathology after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and to describe their appearances.

Methods: Thirty MC cSLO images of 30 eyes after RRD repair were prospectively studied for the presence of RRD-related pathology. All MC cSLO findings were verified using swept source optical coherence tomography. Positive percent agreements were calculated using swept source optical coherence tomography as reference.

Results: Eight RRD-related structural pathologies were identified and characterized: ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, foveal EZ rosette, outer retinal fold, retinal detachment line, subretinal fluid blebs, subretinal fluid layer, retinal striae, and intraretinal cysts. Multicolor cSLO positive percent agreements were as follows: EZ disruption: 79%, foveal EZ rosette: 73%, outer retinal fold: 67%, retinal detachment line: 84%, subretinal fluid blebs: 0.70%, subretinal fluid layer: 50%, intraretinal cysts: 60%, and retinal striae: 100%.

Conclusion: En face MC cSLO imaging detected and delineated RRD-related structural pathology in high agreement with cross-sectional swept source optical coherence tomography and can supplement optical coherence tomography in the documentation and monitoring of outer retinal remodeling processes after macula-off RRD. Foveal EZ rosette is a new finding of the foveal EZ.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03187613.

FINGERPRINT SIGN OF THE HENLE FIBER LAYER

Shane M Griffin ۱, H Richard McDonald ۲ ۳, Robert N Johnson ۲ ۳, J Michael Jumper ۲ ۳, Arthur D Fu ۲ ۳, Emmett T Cunningham Jr ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵, Lee Kiang ۱, Caleb C Ng ۲ ۳, Brandon J Lujan ۱ ۲Affiliations expand

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the appearance of concentric, fingerprint-like waves within the Henle fiber layer (HFL) using en face optical coherence tomography in patients with tractional pathologies of the retina.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of six eyes of six patients imaged by optical coherence tomography with volumetric slabs positioned at the level of the HFL.

Results: Optical coherence tomography data from six patients with tractional vitreoretinal pathology were reviewed. Concentric, fingerprint-like microwaves were visualized through en face optical coherence tomography in all six study eyes at the level of the HFL. This finding resembled the finding of HFL waves previously noted histopathologically from force exerted on this layer.

Conclusion: In retinal pathologies in which specific physical forces act on the retina, volumetric optical coherence tomography may permit visualization of en face concentric, fingerprint-like hyperreflective rings within the HFL. This “fingerprint sign” may represent a biomechanical consequence of traction on the retina and allow clinical decision making based on improved recognition of the existence of such traction.

OCRIPLASMIN FOR VITREOMACULAR TRACTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: The INJECT Study

David H W Steel ۱, Niall Patton ۲, Theodor Stappler ۳, Niral Karia ۴, Hans Hoerauf ۵, Nishal Patel ۶, Joachim Wachtlin ۷, Thomas Raber ۸, Petra Kozma-Wiebe ۸, INJECT study investigatorsAffiliations expand

Free PMC article

Abstract

Purpose: Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ocriplasmin in patients with vitreomacular traction (VMT), including those with macular hole (MH). The INJECT study prospectively evaluated ocriplasmin in the setting of clinical practice.

Methods: INJECT was a Phase 4, multicenter, prospective observational study. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Assessments included nonsurgical VMT resolution, nonsurgical MH closure, best-corrected visual acuity, occurrence of vitrectomy, and adverse events.

Results: The efficacy population (N = 395) received an ocriplasmin injection and had optical coherence tomography-confirmed VMT at baseline. At Day 28, the rate of nonsurgical VMT resolution was 40.7% in the overall group, and the rate of nonsurgical MH closure was 36.0% in the VMT with MH group. At Month 12, the rate of ≥۲-line best-corrected visual acuity gain (irrespective of vitrectomy) was 36.8% in the overall group and 59.6% in the VMT with MH group. The percentage of patients who underwent vitrectomy in the study eye was 29.1% in the overall group and 55.6% in the VMT with MH group. Photopsia (9.8%) and vitreous floaters (6.8%) were the most frequent adverse events.

Conclusion: The INJECT study showed that ocriplasmin is effective in a clinical setting in patients with VMT, with or without MH. No new safety signals were identified from this large and surgeon-selected patient group, although the significant limitations of the study design without an image reading center and scheduled study visit timings should be noted.

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